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The district court Ulm has now decided for a player, the district court Wuppertal for the payment provider — the case law for the chargeback remains inconsistent.
Chargebacks of gambling stakes via PayPal are discussed again and again in the forum. https://cleverun.medium.com/wheel-of-fortune-triple-spin-slot-machine-825fec0eca87. Since online gambling has legally been a gray area in Germany since 2012, players keep trying to book back their losses from credit card companies or PayPal.
I have read virtually every thread on expertlaw.com regarding online casino charge-backs. I have also researched 100s of other webpages for 3rd party payment processors (money launderers to online casinos), credit card agreements, anti-chargeback services, casino affiliate programs, etc.
In the indictments, the lawyers refer to Section 4 (1) sentence 2 GlüStV. The law punishes illegal gambling transactions. The jurisprudence on the topic is not uniform across Germany. Two new cases show once again: In Ulm the decision was made for the player and the rebooking of the gambling stakes, in Wuppertal for the payment service provider.
The decision of the district court Ulm on the PayPal chargeback
The law firm Lenné has brought proceedings against the payment provider PayPal at the district court in Ulm (LG Ulm, 4 O 202/18 from 16.12.2019). In the specific case, the firm’s client had lost approximately 10,000 euros with the gaming providers “bet-at-home” and “888poker”. The money was deposited through PayPal and only lost in casino games.
PayPal was ordered by the district court of Ulm to repay the lost amounts. The judges confirmed that PayPal violated the prohibition to participate in Section 4 (1) sentence 2 GlüStV. As a result of the violation of the law, the claimant suffered damage that must be repaid. The reasoning states:
The payment service provider has an obligation to check whether it is possible to process the payment or to violate a legal prohibition.
The case before the regional court of Wuppertal on the subject of chargebacks from PayPal
The 3rd civil chamber of the Wuppertal district court had decided on 09.19.2019 with a judgment (Az. 3 O 384/18) on the chargebacks of PayPal gambling stakes against the player. In that case, the lawsuit was dismissed and the plaintiff was ordered to pay the costs.
A player who ordered payments for online gambling stakes through PayPal has sued. The deposits were allegedly made to bwin.com. The amount and the reason for the payments are disputed between the parties.
The applicant had learned at an unknown time that online gambling was illegal. He then exercised his right to withdraw direct debits. The plaintiff returned direct debits worth EUR 13,900.
A letter of attorney dated February 8, 2018 followed. The plaintiff continued to request PayPal to reimburse 36,450 euros. It was alleged that between January 8th, 2015 and October 17th, 2017, PayPal made payments totaling 43,133 euros for online gambling portals.
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It was banned online gambling bets. The plaintiff assumed the legality. The payment provider was aware, however, that it is illegal gambling.
One invokes § 4 Abs. 4 GlüStV. Organizing and brokering public gambling on the Internet is prohibited. Section 4 (1) GlüStV states that participation in payments in connection with unauthorized gambling is prohibited. According to the indictment, PayPal has a duty to check the legality of the payment before making it.
The damage to the player results from the payments for the game of chance minus the payments received in the amount of 11,595 euros. At the hearing, he requested that PayPal be sentenced to pay € 43,133. Later, the claim was 33,854 euros including 5% interest since February 28, 2018.
The payment provider denies the breach of duty and the damage. It is believed that online gambling is not automatically prohibited in Germany. In addition, one should be able to assume lawful acts by contractual partners. Even if a gambling provider in Germany does not have a permit, it cannot be blamed on the defendant for lack of obviousness. Furthermore, the damage was not conclusively demonstrated.
The argument was based on the interpretation that participation in payments can only be prohibited by the gaming supervisory authority after the prior announcement of illegal gaming offers.
The reason for the judgment of the regional court Wuppertal
The court in Wuppertal spoke relatively openly for the payment service provider. You can read in the reasoning:
The fact that the plaintiff may not be obliged to pay the stakes to the gambling providers due to the lack of a license to organize casino games in accordance with § 134 BGB does not affect the instructional relationship between the defendant and the plaintiff (cf. LG Berlin, Urt. v. 16.04.2018, Az. 37 O 367/18).
It is therefore also irrelevant whether the providers at issue here are illicit gambling. This has no impact on the effectiveness of the payment service framework contract between the plaintiff and the defendant. By agreeing to the payment process, the contracting company obtains an abstract payment claim from § 780 BGB against the payment service company.
According to the court, the payment was authorized by entering PayPal customer data on the websites of the respective gaming providers. Due to the contract between the user and the payment service provider, PayPal had to make the payment.
In this case, it was also recognized that credit and financial services institutions, including e-money institutions, could be used as responsible disruptors in gambling operations. However, it does require that the gaming regulators have notified that it is illegal gambling. It is not evident that the payment service provider received such a notice from the gaming supervisory authority.
According to the court, it is not the job of a payment service provider to protect the plaintiff from illegal payment transactions. Actually, every contract partner should be able to trust that the partners will behave in a lawful manner. The reasoning states:
The defendant therefore had neither a contractual obligation nor a corresponding reason to check the plaintiff’s payment instructions in detail for their legality. In addition, the defendant was not required to review or monitor the plaintiff’s payment process. Any kind of protection obligations towards customers therefore only exist if the bank has to suspect without further examination in the normal processing of a payment transaction based on objective evidence based on massive suspicions (BGH, XI ZR 56/07).
A comparison with the so-called “white list” of the federal states is not mandatory. The checking effort goes beyond the normal processing of payment transactions. The court also clarified:
Furthermore, the defendant hardly appears to be able to carry out a check, since in any case it should not be possible to ascertain whether each individual game perceived by the plaintiff actually represents illegal gambling.
The court also stated that the damage was caused by the plaintiff’s own will and not by PayPal’s actions.
Jurisprudence on gambling operations via PayPal remains inconsistent
The district court of Ulm, the district court of Leverkusen (judgment of February 19, 2019 — ref .: 26 C 346/18), the district court of Munich (judgment of February 21, 2018 — ref .: 158 C 19107/17) and the AG Wiesbaden (judgment of 16.06.2017 — Az .: 92 C 4323/16 (41)) have previously decided that payment providers violate Section 4 (1) sentence 2 GlüStV.
The district court of Munich, the district court of Berlin and the district court of Wuppertal did not follow this view.
The judgments on chargebacks or chargeback remain inconsistent. Online gambling represents a large gray area in Germany, which is also reflected in the judgments on the chargeback of gambling stakes. The complaints before the different courts almost seem like a “separate kind of gambling”.
At this point, the players’ personal responsibility should be appealed again. Ultimately, it is known that online gambling is a legal granzone. Losses are the rule in gambling, so you should only gamble away what you really need.
Refunds won’t solve problems if you’re really addicted to gaming. Some players are known to have gambled back the chargebacks after a while. So if you have problems, you should rather opt for therapy and take care of the possibilities of blocking. That brings more than everything to put on the chargeback.
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PayPal holds immense brand authority for online payments, that is one of the reason that PayPal chargeback has become one of the hottest dilemmas amongst online sellers.
To address this concern we have decided to dedicated this post about ‘ how to chargeback on PayPal ’, or put simply getting a refund for your purchases.
In the sections that follow we discuss ‘what a chargeback is?’ and ‘how to do a chargeback on PayPal?
What is a Chargeback?
The PayPal defines it as “…when a customer files a chargeback with their credit card issuer, it means that they’re disputing a charge and asking the card issuer for a refund.”
Buyers can simply demand refunds for transactions and inform their credit card company to cancel/refund the payment.
These refunds are termed “chargebacks” in banking terms.
In case of the chargeback, PayPal will freeze the funds in the seller account. There are several reasons that can lead to a chargeback:
- The buyer does not receive the product(s)
- A buyer receives damaged or defective item(s)
- Buyer doesn’t recognize/remember the credit card payment
- The buyer receives gets the charge more than once for a transaction
- When a buyer did not authorize the payment
In case of a chargeback on PayPal, the seller incurs a chargeback fee but this fee can be waived (few cases) off if the seller is subscribed to the Seller Protection Policy.
A better way sellers can manage chargeback on PayPal is using breakthrough ecommerce assurance & order verification app. These apps charge a meager amount to guarantee verification of orders and a 100% refund guarantee in case of chargebacks.
Generally, when a buyer requests a chargeback, the service immediately contacts the buyer’s credit card issuer. PayPal does not hold any authority during the chargeback process though.
That’s how a chargeback process works with PayPal.
- The buyer requests a chargeback from their credit card issuer for a chargeback. A phone call or email with complete evidence of the transaction is enough.
- The credit card issuer then informs PayPal’s official merchant bank and withdraws the funds from their account.
- PayPal then puts the chargeback funds on hold and deems them untouchable.
- Both buyer & seller are then notified through email. PayPal will request for all information that can help resolve the chargeback.
That’s the basic PayPal chargeback process.
When dealing with chargebacks, some points you need to remember:
- Buyers are eligible for chargebacks on PayPal transactions for 120 days or more after placing the order.
- Sellers who receive chargebacks have a 10 day time period to respond to the dispute.
- Chargebacks on PayPal usually take a matter of weeks but can take up to 75 day or more depending on the case.
How can Sellers manage chargeback on PayPal
Usually, PayPal sides with the buyer providing them a complete refund while the seller is left hanging. You can always get PayPal’s seller protection, but the feature comes with its own rules & restrictions leading sellers nowhere.
Signifyd, is a leading solution available on the Shopify app store designed specifically to support sellers in case of chargebacks. Signifyd’s eCommerce assurance features allow sellers to mitigate against growing eCommerce challenges.
Signifyd provides sellers some brilliant features that:
- Automatically assess order reliability & validity
Signifyd automatically assesses all transactions and verifies if orders are to be completed or not. All orders are secure with chargeback protection to ensure the seller does not experience massive losses.
- Provide auto fraud prevention
The zero fraud prevention feature guarantees all your transactions. In case of fraud as PayPal chargeback, Signifyd app offers the seller a brilliant verification system that ensures no fraudulent transactions can go through. Refund payments are made within 48 hours to sellers.
- Provide fraud liability insurance
The liability insurance as mentioned above covers 100% of refund & chargeback costs. In case a fraud transaction is ever accepted, Signifyd covers the cost of the sale and the chargeback fees.
- Automatic Order Approval/Rejection
The leading edge Signifyd console lets you manage orders automatically removing the hectic tasks. Signifyd will automatically send verified orders for processing while rejected orders are left out.
To learn more about Signifyd, check out this page.
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Among other types of scams that a buyer can commit include:
- Claims that products were not delivered, when actually they have.
- When a buyer claims products were defective, but actually they were fine.
- Disputing the quality of the products or services.
- Claims that the transaction was not authorized by them.
The absence of proper eCommerce chargeback laws are the primary reason many of these buyer scams are a success. The developments in eCommerce have led to great ease but also encouraged scams from different parts of the world.
You can take several steps to ensure your shop is not hit by scams:
- Never ship to a freight company, always ship to the buyer’s home address
- Verify buyer IP Address. Then verify if billing & shipping address complies with, the IP and location
- Use a customer & order verification tool that identifies fraudulent buyers. E.g. No Fraud app on Shopify
- Be sure your store complies with all FTC Regulations
- Create accurate and easy product descriptions, so there is no objection later from buyers
- Be very clear about product quality & features, don’t forget to mention anything
- Be in contact with the customer 24/7 over phone, email or WhatsApp
- Publish your contact information on the webstore
- Always consider having PayPal Seller Protection — it may not be perfect but still a great way to protect against scams
- Always check the email address that sent you the PayPal chargeback notice. Sometimes scammers create fake PayPal related emails to send out scams. (see example below)
Differences between Chargebacks and PayPal Disputes
Since we already know what a chargeback is, let’s quickly overview of PayPal Chargeback vs PayPal Dispute.
In case the buyer & seller fail to agree terms, the buyer can launch a dispute through their dashboard. PayPal freezes the funds till both parties reach a resolution.
The buyer & seller are required to negotiate from this point on, in case the two parties fail to agree PayPal moderation gets involved to resolve the issue and this is then called an “escalated claim”.
Parties Involved
The first difference is of the parties involved. Chargebacks on PayPal involve the buyer and their credit card issuer.
In case of a dispute PP administration keeps the issue in house to get it resolved between buyer & seller.
Account Suspensions
In case of chargebacks on PayPal, the buyer cannot conduct transactions and their account goes into “suspended” status.
In disputes, only the amount for that disputed transaction remains on hold, the buyer’s account remains active for other transactions.
Decision Making
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The credit card company holds authority and makes the decision in a chargeback.
In a dispute, first buyer & seller can reach an agreement without escalation. If both parties don’t agree, PP moderators steps in and offers a resolution best for both.
Resolution Times
A chargeback can take up to a minimum of 6 weeks to arrive at a result.
A dispute takes no longer than a month, with both buyer and seller required to act quickly.
Other Types of Objection on PayPal
The objection means any unwanted event happened in PayPal transaction. The Buyer, seller or even the bank could initiate the objection.
Generally, three types of objection occurred on PayPal,
- Dispute
Buyer initiates the dispute when the problem with the transaction occurred.
Reasons for Dispute
The dispute can occur for two reasons:
- Item Not Received (INR): In this case, buyer claims of not receiving the order after the payment.
- Significantly Not As Described (SNAD): In this case, buyer claims the product is not up to the expectation as described by the seller or product is different.
The complaint is through PayPal’s resolution center however, PayPal would not involve in the scene of dispute. Seller will receive an email where he can directly contact the customer to resolve the dispute.
- Claim
Claim is an advanced version of dispute when the disputes is not resolved in 20 days and buyer escalates the issue to PayPal.
Another reason for the claim is ‘Unauthorized Transaction’. It means the buyer’s account may have been compromised or hacked and someone made a purchase from the account without their permission.
In the claim, the seller has 10 days to respond. If the seller does not resolve it in the given time, PayPal will close the claim in favor of the buyer.
If sellers respond within 10 days, PayPal will evaluate the claim and resolves the case within 30 days. However, in complex cases, it could take a long time.
- Bank Reversal
It happens when the buyer or the bank request to refund the transaction made by the bank account.
The Reasons for Bank Reversal:
Bank reversal usually happens when someone uses the buyer’s account information without their consent. The situation in which bank reversal happens,
- The buyer’s bank account was used to purchase an item without their permission.
- Buyer identity unknown transaction.
- When the purchased item did not arrive.
- The buyer was charged twice for the same item.
how to get a refund on PayPal if scammed?
For a buyer, getting money from PayPal, after being scammed, process is very easy and can be done by reporting a dispute with PayPal using their dashboard. Decisions usually take 5 to 10 days and are mostly ruled in favor of the buyer. PayPal will return money to the buyer after an investigation.
For sellers, it is tough to get a refund. PayPal is not an ideal method to use without its Seller Protection service, but even in the case of the protection, some cases are ruled in the buyer’s favor. As a recommendation, sellers should keep all evidence of the transaction and sale, keep track of shipping and delivery, and have a solicitor just in case a large amount is involved. There are no types of PayPal chargeback fees.
Can PayPal Payments be Reversed?
Yes, the PayPal payment can be reversed when a chargeback occurred. The buyer has the authority to ask their credit card provider to reverse the payment that has been made through PayPal account.
Is PayPal safe for sellers on Craigslist?
Sending and receiving payments on PayPal are safe most of the time. Nonetheless, on these websites, there is higher for you to come across with a scammer who would promise to make payment via PayPal but does not follow through it. To identify the Craigslist scam here are some points PayPal mentioned for your guideline.
If you come across any of these conversations just back off, it is a scam.
How to get money back from PayPal friends and family dispute?
There no guarantee of getting a refund from PayPal friends and family dispute. Because there is no buyer’s protection option available if you transfer money as a friend.
So, avoid transfer money to anyone as a friend or family if you do not know the receiver.
Can you get scammed by using PayPal?
There have been cases occurred in the past where some scammer hacked someone’s PayPal account. You have to be sharp to identify forged email or any uncertain activity on PayPal account. PayPal usually reimbursed the payment if you could confirm about being scammed or hacked.
How do I link a debit or credit card to my PayPal account?
You can link your debit/credit card to your account as follows:
- Sign into your account
- Click the Wallet button on top of your dashboard page
- Click + Link a card or Bank
- Next, click Link a Debit or Credit Card
- Fill the provided boxes with your card details
What is the PayPal chargeback time limit?
A buyer can file a chargeback 120 days or more after making the purchase. A Seller has 10 days to respond to a chargeback. Usually, chargebacks take up to a few weeks to process. Depending on the complexity of the case some chargebacks can take 75 days or more to process.
What happens to the Seller PayPal Dispute?
In the case of a chargeback, no accounts get freezes or puts on hold, the buyer and seller are requested to come an agreement. If that doesn’t happen, then the PayPal dispute resolution comes to resolve the issue and moves the dispute to claim.
Can I cancel a payment on PayPal?
Recurring payments are canceled through your dashboard, but, one time payments cannot be canceled and must go through the dispute process or chargeback.
How to chargeback on PayPal debit card?
You can get chargebacks on PayPal debit card like any other credit/debit card by demanding a refund from the bank. The amount should take 3–5 days to come back to your account.
How does PayPal Work for Sellers
PayPal was a payment gateway primarily designed to help buyers make secure payments for online purchases. The service has never really been an ideal method for sellers. This is largely due to the lack of protections available for sellers. PayPal does, however, accept payments in 25 different currencies from 200+ countries around the world.
Types of Seller Accounts
PayPal allows sellers to receive and send out payments through all of its 3 account types namely basic, premium, and business.
A basic account allows receiving payments but only allows withdrawals of $500 per month. When a bank account is connected to the PayPal account, it is then classified premium and removes the withdrawal limit. A business account is more or less the same as a premium account, it provides the facility for multiple users to access the account.
PayPal Seller Account Fees
Sellers with registered businesses on PayPal also pay a 2.9% fee + $0.30 for every sale transaction. E-store owners who are not using Shopify or an eCommerce platform can embed PayPal for $5 a month. E-Store owners can also make use of the PayPal Payments Pro service which basically allows sellers to accept credit card payment over the phone.
Receiving Payments
When a buyer pays for purchases payments can take upto 5 days to appear in the seller’s account. Usually, if the payment is made by a buyer account linked to a bank, card, or current PayPal balance it is immediately sent to the seller, who can then dispatch the goods. In case of an eCheck payment, the payments usually clear between 5 and 7 days.
Seller Protection
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PayPal offers sellers protection from fraudulent buyers through the Seller Protection feature. The process is quite simple:
- Sellers only ship items to a PayPal authorized address for the buyers
- PayPal registers authorized buyer addresses beforehand
- Authorized addresses are verified through bank account or credit card information
- Sellers are recommended to provide a tracking number as poof of delivery
In adding to the points as mentioned earlier, there are several other conditions to meet to qualify for a Seller Protection payment. The first of these is that if an order is above $250, sellers need to provide a signature for authentication. This is followed by the principle that goods must be shipped within 7 days of the order. Once all these terms have been met, PayPal guarantees payment for shipment and the product(s).
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In a Nutshell
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PayPal remains one of the most popular payment processors for online transactions. Buyers unaware about refunds and disputes will definitely love learning about making chargebacks on PayPal transactions. Remember to share my article and leave your feedback to improve my content accordingly. Subscribe to our mailing lists to get the latest Ecommerce tips, hack and strategies for a prosperous business experience.